2.02012-05-31 13:51:48 -06002015-06-03 15:54:05 -0600ECMDB01401M2MDB000372Glucose 6-phosphateGlucose 6 phosphate (alpha-D-glucose 6 phosphate or G6P) is the alpha-anomer of glucose-6-phosphate. There are two anomers of glucose 6 phosphate, the alpha anomer and the beta anomer Glucose-6-phosphate is a phosphorylated glucose molecule on carbon 6. When glucose enters a cell, it is immediately phosphorylated to G6P. This is catalyzed with hexokinase enzymes, thus consuming one ATP. A major reason for immediate phosphorylation of the glucose is so that it cannot diffuse out of the cell. The phosphorylation adds a charged group so the G6P cannot easily cross cell membranes. G6P can travel down two metabolic pathways, glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. Note, the molecule now has 2 phosphoryl groups attached. The addition of the 2nd phosphoryl group is an irreversible step, so once this happens G6P will enter glycolysis and be turned into pyruvate (ATP production occurs). After being converted to G6P, phosphoglucose mutase (isomerase) can turn the molecule into glucose-1-phosphate. Glucose-1-phosphate can then be combined with uridine triphosphate (UTP) to form UDP-glucose. This reaction is driven by the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate that is released in the reaction. (Wikipedia)β-D-glucose-6-PA-D-glucose 6- phosphatea-D-Glucose 6- phosphoric acidA-D-Glucose 6-phosphatea-D-Glucose 6-phosphoric acidA-D-Glucose-6-phosphatea-D-Glucose-6-phosphoric acida-D-Hexose 6-phosphatea-D-Hexose 6-phosphoric acidAlpha-D-Glucose 6-phosphatealpha-D-Glucose 6-phosphoric acidAlpha-D-Hexose 6-phosphatealpha-D-Hexose 6-phosphoric acidb-D-Glucose-6-PBeta-D-Glucose-6-PD(+)-Glucopyranose 6-phosphateD(+)-Glucopyranose 6-phosphoric acidD-Glucose 6-phosphateD-Glucose 6-phosphoric acidD-Glucose-6-dihydrogen phosphateD-Glucose-6-dihydrogen phosphoric acidD-Glucose-6-PD-Glucose-6-phosphateD-Glucose-6-phosphoric acidD-Hexose 6-phosphateD-Hexose 6-phosphoric acidGlucose 6-phosphateGlucose 6-phosphoric acidGlucose-6-PGlucose-6-phosphateGlucose-6-phosphoric acidRobison esterα-D-Glucose 6-phosphateα-D-Glucose 6-phosphoric acidα-D-Hexose 6-phosphateα-D-Hexose 6-phosphoric acidβ-D-Glucose-6-PC6H13O9P260.1358260.029718526{[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy}phosphonic acidglucose 6-phosphate56-73-5OC1O[C@H](COP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1OInChI=1S/C6H13O9P/c7-3-2(1-14-16(11,12)13)15-6(10)5(9)4(3)8/h2-10H,1H2,(H2,11,12,13)/t2-,3-,4+,5-,6?/m1/s1NBSCHQHZLSJFNQ-GASJEMHNSA-NLiquidCytosolExtra-organismPeriplasmlogp-2.06logs-0.92solubility3.14e+01 g/llogp-3.1pka_strongest_acidic1.22pka_strongest_basic-3.6iupac{[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy}phosphonic acidaverage_mass260.1358mono_mass260.029718526smilesOC1O[C@H](COP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1OformulaC6H13O9PinchiInChI=1S/C6H13O9P/c7-3-2(1-14-16(11,12)13)15-6(10)5(9)4(3)8/h2-10H,1H2,(H2,11,12,13)/t2-,3-,4+,5-,6?/m1/s1inchikeyNBSCHQHZLSJFNQ-GASJEMHNSA-Npolar_surface_area156.91refractivity46.8polarizability21rotatable_bond_count3acceptor_count8donor_count6physiological_charge-2formal_charge0Pentose phosphate pathwayec00030Glutathione metabolismThe biosynthesis of glutathione starts with the introduction of L-glutamic acid through either a glutamate:sodium symporter, glutamate / aspartate : H+ symporter GltP or a
glutamate / aspartate ABC transporter. Once in the cytoplasm, L-glutamice acid reacts with L-cysteine through an ATP glutamate-cysteine ligase resulting in gamma-glutamylcysteine. This compound reacts which Glycine through an ATP driven glutathione synthetase thus catabolizing Glutathione.
This compound is metabolized through a spontaneous reaction with an oxidized glutaredoxin resulting in a reduced glutaredoxin and an oxidized glutathione. This compound is reduced by a NADPH glutathione reductase resulting in a glutathione.
PW000833ec00480MetabolicPurine metabolismec00230Starch and sucrose metabolismThe metabolism of starch and sucrose begins with D-fructose interacting with a D-glucose in a reversible reaction through a maltodextrin glucosidase resulting in a water molecule and a sucrose. D-fructose is phosphorylated through an ATP driven fructokinase resulting in the release of an ADP, a hydrogen ion and a Beta-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate. This compound can also be introduced into the cytoplasm through either a mannose PTS permease or a hexose-6-phosphate:phosphate antiporter.
The Beta-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate is isomerized through a phosphoglucose isomerase resulting in a Beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate. This compound can also be incorporated by glucose PTS permease or a hexose-6-phosphate:phosphate antiporter.
The beta-D-glucose 6 phosphate can also be produced by a D-glucose being phosphorylated by an ATP-driven glucokinase resulting in a ADP, a hydrogen ion and a Beta-D-glucose 6 phosphate.
The beta-D-glucose can produce alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate by two methods:
1.-Beta-D-glucose is isomerized into an alpha-D-Glucose 6-phosphate and then interacts in a reversible reaction through a phosphoglucomutase-1 resulting in a alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate.
2.-Beta-D-glucose interacts with a putative beta-phosphoglucomutase resulting in a Beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate. Beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate can be incorporated into the cytoplasm through a
glucose PTS permease. This compound is then isomerized into a Alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate
The beta-D-glucose can cycle back into a D-fructose by first interacting with D-fructose in a reversible reaction through a Polypeptide: predicted glucosyltransferase resulting in the release of a phosphate and a sucrose. The sucrose then interacts in a reversible reaction with a water molecule through a maltodextrin glucosidase resulting in a D-glucose and a D-fructose.
Alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate can produce glycogen in by two different sets of reactions:
1.-Alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate interacts with a hydrogen ion and an ATP through a glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase resulting in a pyrophosphate and an ADP-glucose. The ADP-glucose then interacts with an amylose through a glycogen synthase resulting in the release of an ADP and an Amylose. The amylose then interacts with 1,4-α-glucan branching enzyme resulting in glycogen
2.- Alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate interacts with amylose through a maltodextrin phosphorylase resulting in a phosphate and a glycogen.
Alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate can also interacts with UDP-galactose through a galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase resulting in a galactose 1-phosphate and a Uridine diphosphate glucose. The UDP-glucose then interacts with an alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate through a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase resulting in a uridine 5'-diphosphate, a hydrogen ion and a Trehalose 6- phosphate. The latter compound can also be incorporated into the cytoplasm through a trehalose PTS permease. Trehalose interacts with a water molecule through a trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase resulting in the release of a phosphate and an alpha,alpha-trehalose.The alpha,alpha-trehalose can also be obtained from glycogen being metabolized through a glycogen debranching enzyme resulting in a the alpha, alpha-trehalose. This compound ca then be hydrated through a cytoplasmic trehalase resulting in the release of an alpha-D-glucose and a beta-d-glucose.
Glycogen is then metabolized by reacting with a phosphate through a glycogen phosphorylase resulting in a alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate and a dextrin. The dextrin is then hydrated through a glycogen phosphorylase-limit dextrin α-1,6-glucohydrolase resulting in the release of a debranched limit dextrin and a maltotetraose. This compound can also be incorporated into the cytoplasm through a
maltose ABC transporter. The maltotetraose interacts with a phosphate through a maltodextrin phosphorylase releasing a alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate and a maltotriose. The maltotriose can also be incorporated through a maltose ABC transporter. The maltotriose can then interact with water through a maltodextrin glucosidase resulting in a D-glucose and a D-maltose. D-maltose can also be incorporated through a
maltose ABC transporter
The D-maltose can then interact with a maltotriose through a amylomaltase resulting in a maltotetraose and a D-glucose. The D-glucose is then phosphorylated through an ATP driven glucokinase resulting in a hydrogen ion, an ADP and a Beta-D-glucose 6-phosphatePW000941ec00500MetabolicGlycolysis / Gluconeogenesisec00010Galactose metabolismGalactose can be synthesized through two pathways: melibiose degradation involving an alpha galactosidase and lactose degradation involving a beta galactosidase. Melibiose is first transported inside the cell through the melibiose:Li+/Na+/H+ symporter. Once inside the cell, melibiose is degraded through alpha galactosidase into an alpha-D-galactose and a beta-D-glucose. The beta-D-glucose is phosphorylated by a glucokinase to produce a beta-D-glucose-6-phosphate which can spontaneously be turned into a alpha D glucose 6 phosphate. This alpha D-glucose-6-phosphate is metabolized into a glucose -1-phosphate through a phosphoglucomutase-1. The glucose -1-phosphate is transformed into a uridine diphosphate glucose through UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase. The product, uridine diphosphate glucose, can undergo a reversible reaction in which it can be turned into uridine diphosphategalactose through an UDP-glucose 4-epimerase.
Galactose can also be produced by lactose degradation involving a lactose permease to uptake lactose from the environment and a beta-galactosidase to turn lactose into Beta-D-galactose.
Beta-D-galactose can also be uptaken from the environment through a galactose proton symporter.
Galactose is degraded through the following process:
Beta-D-galactose is introduced into the cytoplasm through a galactose proton symporter, or it can be synthesized from an alpha lactose that is introduced into the cytoplasm through a lactose permease. Alpha lactose interacts with water through a beta-galactosidase resulting in a beta-D-glucose and beta-D-galactose. Beta-D-galactose is isomerized into D-galactose. D-Galactose undergoes phosphorylation through a galactokinase, hence producing galactose 1 phosphate. On the other side of the pathway, a gluose-1-phosphate (product of the interaction of alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate with a phosphoglucomutase resulting in a alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate, an isomer of Glucose 1-phosphate, or an isomer of Beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate) interacts with UTP and a hydrogen ion in order to produce a uridine diphosphate glucose. This is followed by the interaction of galactose-1-phosphate with an established amount of uridine diphosphate glucose through a galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, which in turn output a glucose-1-phosphate and a uridine diphosphate galactose. The glucose -1-phosphate is transformed into a uridine diphosphate glucose through UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase. The product, uridine diphosphate glucose, can undergo a reversible reaction in which it can be turned into uridine diphosphategalactose through an UDP-glucose 4-epimerase, and so the cycle can keep going as long as more lactose or galactose is imported into the cell
PW000821ec00052MetabolicAmino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolismec00520Streptomycin biosynthesisec00521Butirosin and neomycin biosynthesisec00524Microbial metabolism in diverse environmentsec01120Metabolic pathwayseco01100Trehalose Degradation I (low osmolarity)While E. coli only synthesizes trehalose under conditions of high osmolarity, it can degrade the sugar under conditions of both low and high osmolarity and can utilize it as the sole carbon source. Different pathways are employed under different osmolarity conditions.
The cell only synthesizes trehalose under high-osmolarity conditions. Therefore, the only source of trehalose under low-osmolarity conditions is external. Utilization of trehalose is induced by the presence of trehalose in the medium. Trehalose is imported into the cell by the trehalose PTS permease, which is composed of the EIIAGlc of the glucose PTS and a trehalose-specific EIITre. Trehalose is phosphorylated during transport and enters the cytoplasm as trehalose-6-phosphate.
The resulting trehalose-6-phosphate is then hydrolyzed by trehalose-6-phosphate hydrolase, yielding glucose and glucose-6-phosphate. The free glucose is phosphorylated further by glucokinase into a second molecule of glucose-6-phosphate, and both glucose-6-phosphate moieties enter glycolysis. (EcoCyc)PW002097Metabolicgluconeogenesis IGLUCONEO-PWYglycolysis IGLYCOLYSISglycogen degradation IGLYCOCAT-PWYtrehalose degradation II (trehalase)PWY0-1182GDP-mannose biosynthesisPWY-5659glucose and glucose-1-phosphate degradationGLUCOSE1PMETAB-PWYfructoselysine and psicoselysine degradationPWY0-521superpathway of glycolysis and Entner-DoudoroffGLYCOLYSIS-E-Dpentose phosphate pathway (oxidative branch)OXIDATIVEPENT-PWYtrehalose degradation I (low osmolarity)TREDEGLOW-PWYSpecdb::CMs739Specdb::CMs740Specdb::CMs741Specdb::CMs742Specdb::CMs1927Specdb::CMs1930Specdb::CMs1948Specdb::CMs3083Specdb::CMs30349Specdb::CMs30350Specdb::CMs30782Specdb::CMs30783Specdb::CMs31323Specdb::CMs31324Specdb::CMs31325Specdb::CMs38057Specdb::CMs135777Specdb::CMs143511Specdb::NmrOneD1296Specdb::NmrOneD1698Specdb::NmrOneD95898Specdb::NmrOneD95899Specdb::NmrOneD95900Specdb::NmrOneD95901Specdb::NmrOneD95902Specdb::NmrOneD95903Specdb::NmrOneD95904Specdb::NmrOneD95905Specdb::NmrOneD95906Specdb::NmrOneD95907Specdb::NmrOneD95908Specdb::NmrOneD95909Specdb::NmrOneD95910Specdb::NmrOneD95911Specdb::NmrOneD95912Specdb::NmrOneD95913Specdb::NmrOneD95914Specdb::NmrOneD95915Specdb::NmrOneD95916Specdb::NmrOneD95917Specdb::MsMs1556Specdb::MsMs1557Specdb::MsMs1558Specdb::MsMs5254Specdb::MsMs5255Specdb::MsMs5256Specdb::MsMs5257Specdb::MsMs5258Specdb::MsMs5259Specdb::MsMs5260Specdb::MsMs5261Specdb::MsMs5262Specdb::MsMs5263Specdb::MsMs5264Specdb::MsMs5265Specdb::MsMs5266Specdb::MsMs5271Specdb::MsMs179457Specdb::MsMs179458Specdb::MsMs179459Specdb::MsMs181785Specdb::MsMs181786Specdb::MsMs181787Specdb::MsMs437662Specdb::MsMs437663Specdb::NmrTwoD1067Specdb::NmrTwoD1639HMDB014014392845743C0009217665GLC-6-PGlucose 6-phosphateKeseler, I. M., Collado-Vides, J., Santos-Zavaleta, A., Peralta-Gil, M., Gama-Castro, S., Muniz-Rascado, L., Bonavides-Martinez, C., Paley, S., Krummenacker, M., Altman, T., Kaipa, P., Spaulding, A., Pacheco, J., Latendresse, M., Fulcher, C., Sarker, M., Shearer, A. G., Mackie, A., Paulsen, I., Gunsalus, R. P., Karp, P. D. (2011). "EcoCyc: a comprehensive database of Escherichia coli biology." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D583-D590.21097882Kanehisa, M., Goto, S., Sato, Y., Furumichi, M., Tanabe, M. (2012). "KEGG for integration and interpretation of large-scale molecular data sets." Nucleic Acids Res 40:D109-D114.22080510Vijayendran, C., Barsch, A., Friehs, K., Niehaus, K., Becker, A., Flaschel, E. (2008). "Perceiving molecular evolution processes in Escherichia coli by comprehensive metabolite and gene expression profiling." Genome Biol 9:R72.18402659van der Werf, M. J., Overkamp, K. M., Muilwijk, B., Coulier, L., Hankemeier, T. (2007). 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Magn Reson Med. 1997 Jun;37(6):821-4.9178231Cigolini M, Bonora E, Querena M, Moghetti P, Cacciatori V, Zancanaro C, Benati D, Muggeo M: Differences in glucose metabolic enzyme activities in human adipose tissue from abdominal and gluteal regions. Metabolism. 1988 Sep;37(9):820-3.3419322Petersen KF, Hendler R, Price T, Perseghin G, Rothman DL, Held N, Amatruda JM, Shulman GI: 13C/31P NMR studies on the mechanism of insulin resistance in obesity. Diabetes. 1998 Mar;47(3):381-6.9519743Boden G, Chen X, Ruiz J, White JV, Rossetti L: Mechanisms of fatty acid-induced inhibition of glucose uptake. J Clin Invest. 1994 Jun;93(6):2438-46.8200979Phosphoenolpyruvate-protein phosphotransferaseP08839PT1_ECOLIptsIhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P08839.xmlGlucose-6-phosphate isomeraseP0A6T1G6PI_ECOLIpgihttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0A6T1.xmlGlucokinaseP0A6V8GLK_ECOLIglkhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0A6V8.xmlFructoselysine 6-phosphate deglycaseP0AC00FRLB_ECOLIfrlBhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0AC00.xmlGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseP0AC53G6PD_ECOLIzwfhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0AC53.xml6-phospho-beta-glucosidase BglBP11988BGLB_ECOLIbglBhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P11988.xml6-phospho-beta-glucosidaseP17411CHBF_ECOLIchbFhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P17411.xmlPTS system maltose- and glucose-specific EIICB componentP19642PTOCB_ECOLImalXhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P19642.xml6-phospho-beta-glucosidase AscBP24240ASCB_ECOLIascBhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P24240.xmlTrehalose-6-phosphate hydrolaseP28904TREC_ECOLItreChttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P28904.xmlAlpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase [UDP-forming]P31677OTSA_ECOLIotsAhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P31677.xmlPhosphoglucomutaseP36938PGM_ECOLIpgmhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P36938.xmlGlucose-specific phosphotransferase enzyme IIA componentP69783PTGA_ECOLIcrrhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P69783.xmlPTS system glucose-specific EIICB componentP69786PTGCB_ECOLIptsGhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P69786.xmlPTS system mannose-specific EIIAB componentP69797PTNAB_ECOLImanXhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P69797.xmlSugar phosphatase supHP75792SUPH_ECOLIsupHhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P75792.xmlPutative beta-phosphoglucomutaseP77366PGMB_ECOLIycjUhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P77366.xml6-phospho-beta-glucosidase BglAQ46829BGLA_ECOLIbglAhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/Q46829.xmlMannose permease IIC componentP69801PTNC_ECOLImanYhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P69801.xmlMannose permease IID componentP69805PTND_ECOLImanZhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P69805.xmlPhosphatase yqaBP77475YQAB_ECOLIyqaBhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P77475.xmlPhosphocarrier protein HPrP0AA04PTHP_ECOLIptsHhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0AA04.xmlconserved proteinP39173yeaDhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P39173.xmlPTS system maltose- and glucose-specific EIICB componentP19642PTOCB_ECOLImalXhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P19642.xmlPTS system glucose-specific EIICB componentP69786PTGCB_ECOLIptsGhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P69786.xmlMannose permease IIC componentP69801PTNC_ECOLImanYhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P69801.xmlMannose permease IID componentP69805PTND_ECOLImanZhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P69805.xmlOuter membrane protein NP77747OMPN_ECOLIompNhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P77747.xmlOuter membrane pore protein EP02932PHOE_ECOLIphoEhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P02932.xmlHexose phosphate transport proteinP0AGC0UHPT_ECOLIuhpThttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P0AGC0.xmlOuter membrane protein FP02931OMPF_ECOLIompFhttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P02931.xmlOuter membrane protein CP06996OMPC_ECOLIompChttp://ecmdb.ca/proteins/P06996.xmlPhosphoenolpyruvic acid + D-Glucose > Glucose 6-phosphate + Pyruvic acidGlucose 1-phosphate <> Glucose 6-phosphateR00959Glucose 6-phosphate + Water > D-Glucose + PhosphateGlucose 6-phosphate + NADP <> 6-Phosphonoglucono-D-lactone + Hydrogen ion + NADPHGLU6PDEHYDROG-RXNGlucose 6-phosphate + UDP-Glucose > Hydrogen ion + Trehalose 6-phosphate + Uridine 5'-diphosphateR02737Adenosine triphosphate + D-Glucose > ADP + Glucose 6-phosphate + Hydrogen ionArbutin 6-phosphate + Water > Glucose 6-phosphate + HydroquinoneRXN0-5295Fructoselysine-6-phosphate + Water <> Glucose 6-phosphate + L-LysineRXN0-963Glucose 6-phosphate <> Fructose 6-phosphatePGLUCISOM-RXNWater + Trehalose 6-phosphate > Glucose 6-phosphate + D-GlucoseAdenosine triphosphate + alpha-D-Glucose <> ADP + Glucose 6-phosphateR01786UDP-Glucose + Glucose 6-phosphate <> Uridine 5'-diphosphate + Trehalose 6-phosphateR02737Protein N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine + D-Glucose <> Protein histidine + Glucose 6-phosphateR02738Glucose 6-phosphate + Alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate <> beta-D-Glucose 6-phosphateR02739Glucose 6-phosphate <> beta-D-Fructose 6-phosphateR02740Phosphoenolpyruvic acid + b-D-Glucose > Glucose 6-phosphate + Pyruvic acidTRANS-RXN-157Cellobiose-6-phosphate + Water > Glucose 6-phosphate + b-D-Glucose6-PHOSPHO-BETA-GLUCOSIDASE-RXNbeta-D-Glucose 1-phosphate Glucose 6-phosphateBETA-PHOSPHOGLUCOMUTASE-RXNb-D-Glucose + Adenosine triphosphate > Hydrogen ion + Glucose 6-phosphate + ADPGLUCOKIN-RXNα-D-glucose 6-phosphate <> Glucose 6-phosphateGLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE-1-EPIMERASE-RXNSalicin 6-phosphate + Water > Glucose 6-phosphate + salicyl alcoholRXN0-5297Trehalose 6-phosphate + Water > Glucose 6-phosphate + b-D-GlucoseTRE6PHYDRO-RXN6-Phospho-beta-D-glucosyl-(1,4)-D-glucose + Water > D-Glucose + Glucose 6-phosphateFructoselysine-6-phosphate + Water > Glucose 6-phosphate + L-LysineGlucose 6-phosphate + NADP > 6-Phosphonoglucono-D-lactone + NADPHGlucose 6-phosphate > Fructose 6-phosphateAdenosine triphosphate + D-Glucose > ADP + Glucose 6-phosphateUDP-Glucose + Glucose 6-phosphate > Uridine 5'-diphosphate + Trehalose 6-phosphateCellobiose-6-phosphate + Water <> D-Glucose + Glucose 6-phosphateR00839 R06112 Glucose 1-phosphate <> D-Hexose 6-phosphate + Glucose 6-phosphateR08639Adenosine triphosphate + D-Glucose <> ADP + D-Hexose 6-phosphate + Glucose 6-phosphateR00299Trehalose 6-phosphate + Water <> D-Glucose + Glucose 6-phosphateR00837 R06113 Beta-D-Glucopyranuronic acid + Adenosine triphosphate > Glucose 6-phosphate + ADP + Hydrogen ionPW_R006119Glucose 6-phosphate + Alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate <> beta-D-Glucose 6-phosphateGlucose 6-phosphate <> beta-D-Fructose 6-phosphateGlucose 1-phosphate <> Glucose 6-phosphateGlucose 6-phosphate + Alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate <> beta-D-Glucose 6-phosphateGlucose 1-phosphate <> Glucose 6-phosphate0.2 g/L NH4Cl, 2.0 g/L (NH4)2SO4, 3.25 g/L KH2PO4, 2.5 g/L K2HPO4, 1.5 g/L NaH2PO4, 0.5 g/L MgSO4; trace substances: 10 mg/L CaCl2, 0.5 mg/L ZnSO4, 0.25 mg/L CuCl2, 0.25 mg/L MnSO4, 0.175 mg/L CoCl2, 0.125 mg/L H3BO3, 2.5 mg/L AlCl3, 0.5 mg/L Na2MoO4, 10Bioreactor, pH controlled, aerated, dilution rate=0.125 L/h220.0uM15.037 oCK12Stationary Phase, glucose limited88000060000Buchholz, A., Takors, R., Wandrey, C. (2001). "Quantification of intracellular metabolites in Escherichia coli K12 using liquid chromatographic-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric techniques." Anal Biochem 295:129-137.11488613M9 Minimal Media, 4 g/L GlucoseBioreactor, pH controlled, O2 controlled, dilution rate: 0.2/h680.0uM90.037 oCBW25113Mid-Log Phase2720000360000Peng, L., Arauzo-Bravo, M. J., Shimizu, K. (2004). "Metabolic flux analysis for a ppc mutant Escherichia coli based on 13C-labelling experiments together with enzyme activity assays and intracellular metabolite measurements." FEMS Microbiol Lett 235:17-23.1515825748 mM Na2HPO4, 22 mM KH2PO4, 10 mM NaCl, 45 mM (NH4)2SO4, supplemented with 1 mM MgSO4, 1 mg/l thiamine·HCl, 5.6 mg/l CaCl2, 8 mg/l FeCl3, 1 mg/l MnCl2·4H2O, 1.7 mg/l ZnCl2, 0.43 mg/l CuCl2·2H2O, 0.6 mg/l CoCl2·2H2O and 0.6 mg/l Na2MoO4·2H2O. 4 g/L GlucoBioreactor, pH controlled, O2 and CO2 controlled, dilution rate: 0.2/h180.0uM0.037 oCBW25113Stationary Phase, glucose limited7200000Ishii, N., Nakahigashi, K., Baba, T., Robert, M., Soga, T., Kanai, A., Hirasawa, T., Naba, M., Hirai, K., Hoque, A., Ho, P. Y., Kakazu, Y., Sugawara, K., Igarashi, S., Harada, S., Masuda, T., Sugiyama, N., Togashi, T., Hasegawa, M., Takai, Y., Yugi, K., Arakawa, K., Iwata, N., Toya, Y., Nakayama, Y., Nishioka, T., Shimizu, K., Mori, H., Tomita, M. (2007). "Multiple high-throughput analyses monitor the response of E. coli to perturbations." Science 316:593-597.1737977650.0uM0.0K-1220000001. Cybercell Database: <a href='http://ccdb.wishartlab.com/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi'>http://ccdb.wishartlab.com/CCDB/cgi-bin/STAT_NEW.cgi</a> <br>
2. Phillips R., Kondev, J., Theriot, J. (2008) “Physical Biology of the Cell” Garland Science, New York, NY.